Linking words (or transition words) are words or phrases used to connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. They act as the "glue" in your writing, helping the reader understand the relationship between different points and improving the overall flow and coherence.
| Linking Word | Arabic |
|---|---|
| Addition (الإضافة) | |
| And | و |
| Also | أيضاً |
| Furthermore | علاوة على ذلك |
| Moreover | بالإضافة إلى ذلك |
| In addition | بالإضافة إلى |
| Besides | إلى جانب / فضلاً عن |
| Additionally | بالإضافة |
| Cause / Reason (السبب) | |
| Because | لأن |
| Since | بما أن / منذ |
| As | بما أن / كما أن |
| Due to / Because of | بسبب / نظراً لـ |
| Owing to | بسبب / بفضل |
| Effect / Result (النتيجة) | |
| So | لذا / فـ |
| Therefore | لذلك / بناءً عليه |
| Thus | وهكذا / وبالتالي |
| Consequently | ونتيجة لذلك |
| As a result | بناء على ذلك |
| Hence | من هنا / ومن ثم |
| Contrast & Opposition (التناقض والمعارضة) | |
| But | لكن |
| However | ومع ذلك |
| Nevertheless | بالرغم من ذلك |
| Nonetheless | ومع ذلك / بَيْدَ أن |
| On the other hand | من ناحية أخرى |
| In contrast | على النقيض |
| Concession (التنازل) | |
| Although / Even though | بالرغم من / على الرغم من |
| Even if | حتى لو |
| Despite / In spite of | بالرغم من / على الرغم من |
| Admittedly | من المسلم به |
| However | ومع ذلك / مهما يكن |
| Illustration / Example (إعطاء أمثلة) | |
| For example | على سبيل المثال |
| For instance | مثلاً |
| Such as | مثل / كما في |
| To illustrate | لتوضيح ذلك |
| Emphasis (التوكيد) | |
| Indeed | بالفعل / حقاً |
| In fact | في الواقع |
| Especially | خصوصاً / سيما |
| Particularly | بشكل خاص |
| Clearly | بوضوح |
| Condition (الشرط) | |
| If | إذا / لو |
| Unless | ما لم |
| Provided that | بشرط أن |
| As long as | طالما |
| Sequence & Order (التسلسل والترتيب) | |
| First / Firstly | أولاً |
| Second / Secondly | ثانياً |
| Next / Then | ثم / بعد ذلك |
| Meanwhile | في غضون ذلك |
| Subsequently | لاحقاً |
| Summary & Conclusion (الخلاصة والخاتمة) | |
| To conclude | في الختام |
| In conclusion | خلاصة القول |
| To summarize | باختصار |
| To sum up | تلخيصاً لما سبق |
Practical Examples
- The weather was perfect; furthermore, the view from the top was breathtaking.
- He forgot his umbrella; consequently, he got soaked in the rain.
- Learning a new language is difficult; however, it is very rewarding.
- Although it was midnight, she continued to study for her exam.
- The shop was closed due to a power outage.
- Since you have finished your work, you may leave early.
- I love outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and swimming.
- The test was very hard; indeed, only three students passed.
- You can join us for dinner provided that you arrive on time.
- In fact, statistics show that reading improves cognitive function.
- The project failed because of a lack of communication.
- He is a talented musician; moreover, he writes his own lyrics.
- Despite the heavy traffic, we arrived at the airport before departure.
- First, preheat the oven; then, mix the ingredients together.
- Some people prefer cats, whereas others are strictly dog lovers.
- Clearly, the new policy has had a positive impact on the environment.
- He won't succeed unless he starts taking his responsibilities seriously.
- Meanwhile, back at the office, the team was busy preparing the presentation.
- To sum up, regular exercise is essential for a healthy lifestyle.
- In conclusion, this report highlights the need for better infrastructure.